Securing Verifiable Credentials With DPoP: A Spring Boot Implementation

In my previous article, I demonstrated how to implement OIDC4VCI (credential issuance) and OIDC4VP (credential presentation) using Spring Boot and an Android wallet. This follow-up focuses on a critical security enhancement now mandated by EUDI standards: DPoP (Demonstrating Proof-of-Possession). The Problem With Bearer Tokens Traditional Bearer tokens have an inherent weakness: anyone who obtains the token can use it. If an attacker intercepts or steals a Bearer token, they can impersonate the legitimate client until the token expires (or is revoked).